Production

Articles

• Limited food availability
  3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  While food security is a major worldwide issue, it is a much more serious problem in Low-Income
  (LI) and Lower Middle-Income (LMI) countries. Currently, sub-Saharan Africa is the sub-continent with the highest proportion of undernourished people, the largest gap between current and potential yields, and between cereal consumption and production. Looking to the future, population growth and climate change may worsen the situation, particularly in Africa. African countries are still facing rapid population growth with uncertain prospects about the ability of their agriculture to meet growing food demand. In addition, without sufficient adaptation measures, climate change will negatively impact food production in most African regions.

• Sur le travail dans la filière cacao
  6 février 2023, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  – Plus d’informations sur Nitidae : www.nitidae.org
  – Lire le rapport "Sustainability initiatives in Ivorian and Ghanaian cocoa supply chains : benchmarking and analysis" (Nitidae, EU REDD Facility, 2021)
  Lire l’interview dans la revue Sésame

• Antoine Gantiez
  8 avril 2022, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  MOTS-CLÉS : EXPLOITATIONS AGRICOLES COLLECTIVES, STATUTS JURIDIQUES, MODÈLE COOPÉRATIF, INSTALLATION, RENOUVELLEMENT GÉNÉRATIONNEL
  La mise en commun des moyens humains et financiers sous la forme d’exploitations collectives peut apparaître à bien des égards comme une solution aux problèmes évoqués en introduction à ce chapitre. Il ne s’agit cependant pas d’une innovation ; de nombreuses exploitations sont aujourd’hui déjà gérées de façon collective. En 2018, selon la mutualité sociale agricole MSA, 58 % (...)

• Extension des marchés et normalisation : les systèmes agro-alimentaires dans la mondialisation
  26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  L’article se propose de caractériser le cadre d’action et de contraintes dans lequel les systèmes agroalimentaires ont eu à s’inscrire depuis le début de la décennie 80. Celui-ci est marqué par la « mondialisation » des échanges, entendue ici comme un processus social de construction et d’extension des marchés, via le développement du commerce international. Il met l’accent sur deux aspects de ce processus : la construction de vastes zones de libre-échange, notamment dans le cadre du Mercosur, de l’Union Européenne et de l’OMC ; l’expansion et la multiplication des dispositifs de normalisation.

• The global distribution of acute unintentional pesticide poisoning : estimations based on a systematic review
  26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  Human poisoning by pesticides has long been seen as a severe public health problem. As early as 1990, a task force of the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that about one million unintentional pesticide poisonings occur annually, leading to approximately 20,000 deaths. Thirty years on there is no up-to-date picture of global pesticide poisoning despite an increase in global pesticide use. Our aim was to systematically review the prevalence of unintentional, acute pesticide poisoning (UAPP), and to estimate the annual global number of UAPP.
  We carried out a systematic review of the scientific literature published between 2006 and 2018, supplemented by mortality data from WHO. We extracted data from 157 publications and the WHO cause-of-death database, then performed country-wise synopses, and arrived at annual numbers of national UAPP. World-wide UAPP was estimated based on national figures and population data for regions defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

• Approches agroécologiques et autres approches novatrices pour une agriculture et des systèmes alimentaires durables propres à améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition
  3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  Le groupe d’experts de haut niveau (HLPE), qui est délégué au Comité des Nations Unies pour la Sécurité Alimentaire mondiale (CSA), a publié un rapport sur "l’agroécologie et autres approches innovatrices" pour nourrir les discussions lors de la séance plénière d’octobre 2019 du CSA. En mettant en avant la nécessité d’une transition et d’une transformation des systèmes agricoles, dans un objectif de sécurité alimentaire et de développement durable, le HLPE présente les pratiques et expériences actuelles, ainsi que les limites des technologies et les lacunes des connaissances.

• Corporate concentration and technological change in the global seed industry
  26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  In the past three decades, the seed sector has experienced, and is now again experiencing, corporate concentration trends. The fallout of this consolidation is the subject of numerous concerns. However, the seed sector is rather poorly understood. Thus, it is useful to understand it better and to investigate the potential impact on the agri-food chain of the trend toward increased corporate concentration. The first part of this paper presents the main characteristics of the global seed sector, its stakeholders, and its size in the agri-food chain. Next, the corporate consolidation trends of the seed industry over the past two years are examined. The technological evolution of the seed sector is also briefly presented. In the last part of this paper, the fallout of recent mergers and acquisitions in the seed industry are analyzed. Opposing views are expressed on the impact of these mergers and acquisitions in the agri-food chain : while certain stakeholders worry about the risk of food power by the biggest companies, some others expect useful innovations.

• Resource over-exploitation and running out
  3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  Food systems around the world are highly dependent on both renewable and nonrenewable resources. Drivers such as population growth, urbanisation and climate change put a lot of pressure on resources that have become core issues for the future of food systems. Cropland availability is limited in most parts of the world, adding pressure for cropping intensification. Fossil energy and phosphorus shortages are expected to occur within a few decades, with particular impact in Low-Income (LI) countries where farmers are more vulnerable to volatile prices. The availability of very unevenly distributed freshwater resources shows a similar picture, with an increasing number of regions reaching alarming levels of water scarcity. Some world fish stocks have been overexploited and are now depleted. But the situation is not without hope. While we need to intensify food systems to meet the challenge of a growing population, new ways to produce with less impact on the environment and more resilience to climate change need to be widely adopted.

• CAP vs Farm to Fork : Will we pay billions to destroy, or to support biodiversity, climate, and farmers ?
  27 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  The EU’s current model of agriculture directs billions in EU taxpayers’ money to fuel climate change, destroy biodiversity, and even undermine farmers’ livelihoods. While the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is approaching a key vote, freedom of information requests show that farmers and agribusiness lobby group Copa-Cogeca, along with pesticides and food industry giants, are doing their best to stop the CAP reform from aligning with the new Farm to Fork strategy of the Green Deal.

• De la gestion collective des ressources marines
  6 février 2023, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  Plus d’informations sur :
  – Association pour la pêche et les activités maritimes : https://www.apam-med.eu
  – Low Impact Fishers of Europe : https://lifeplatform.eu